Al-Khwarizmi (Khawarizm, Uzbekistan, 194 H/780 M-Baghdad, 266 H/850 M). Muslim scientists, experts in the field of mathematics, astronomy, and geography. His full name was Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi and in the west he is better known by the name Algoarisme or Algorisme.
The most monumental work of algebraic entitled al-Mukhtasar Hisab fi al-Jabr wal-Muqabalah (Algebra Calculation Summary and Comparison) In this book described geometric notions. He also donated an isosceles triangle theorem is correct, the calculation of height and area of the triangle, and the vast jajargenjang and circle. Thus, in some cases al-Khwarizmi has made algebra the inexact science.
This book was translated in London in 1831 by F. Rosen, a British mathematician, then edited into Arabic by Ali Mustafa Musyarrafa and Muhammad Mursi Ahmad, Egyptian mathematician, in 1939. Part of this work of al-Khwarizmi in the 12th century was also translated by Robert, a mathematician from Chester, England, under the title Liber et al-mucabola Algebras (Algebra Book and Comparative), which is then edited by LC Karpinski, a mathematician from New York, United States. Gerard of Cremona (1114-1187) an Italian mathematician, made a second version of the book Liber Algebras above with the title De Jebra et Almucabola (Algebra and Comparison). Gerard version of this book is better and even surpass the book F. Rozen.
In his book al-Khwarizmi introduced to the world of science digit 0 (zero), which in Arabic is sifr. Before al-Khwarizmi introduced the number zero, the scientists use the abacus, a sort of list showing the units, tens, hundreds, thousands, and so on, to keep any rate not be confused with each other from a designated place in a matter. However, this does not count as acclaim from Western scientists when it and they are more interested to use raqam al-binji (list of Arabic numbers, including zero), the discovery of al-khawarizmi. Thus, a new zero Westerners are known and used about 250 years after the discovery of al-Khwarizmi.
Another work of al-Khwarizmi is the geography, entitled The Book of Surah al-Ard (Book Preview Earth). This book includes a list of coordinates of some important cities and geographical features. This book is not directly refer to the book compiled by Claudius Geography Ptolomaeus (100-178), Greek scientist. But some mistakes in the book corrected and corrected by al-Khwarizmi in his book Zij as-Sindhind before he composed the Book of Surah al-Ard.
From some of his book al-Khwarizmi bequeath some mathematical term that is still widely used up to now, such as sine, cosine, tangent and kotangen.
The works of al-Khwarizmi in the field of mathematics is actually much referring to the writings of the algebra which is prepared by Diophantus (250 BC) of Greece. However, in examining the books of al-Khwarizmi algebra was found a few errors and problems that are still obscure. Mistakes and problems are corrected, explained, and developed by al-Khwarizmi in the works of algebra. Therefore, it is not surprising that he was nicknamed "Father of Algebra". Even according Gandz, mathematicians West in his book The Source of al-Khwarizmi's Algebra, al-Khwarizmi is more entitled to the nickname "Father of Algebra" than Diophantus because he was the first person to teach algebra in the form of elementary and apply them in matters related thereto. In the field of geometry, al-Khwarizmi also known as the founder of geometry formulas and constituent list and count the decimal logarithm. But some scholars of Western mathematics, such as John Napier (1550-1617) and Simon Stevin (1548-1620), considered the findings are the result of their thinking.
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